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HOME > Protocols > Reference Material > Restriction Enzyme Sources
For more information on specific restriction enzymes (incubation temperature, heat inactivation, etc.) or restriction enzyme sources (biohazard level, human health implications, etc.) please check our restriction enzyme listing, or click on the bacteria name in the table below.
Name
Description
Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus was reclassified from Bacillus aneurinolyticus.
Pantoea agglomerans Pantoea agglomerans is a gram negative facultative anaerobe that is motile via peritrichous flagella. Pantoea agglomerans is being used to fight fire blight disease in tree fruit.
Paracoccus alcaliphilus Paracoccus alcaliphilus is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and non-motile. Paracoccus alcaliphilus is an alkaliphilic and facultatively methylotrophic bacterium.
Paucimonas lemoignei Paucimonas lemoignei is Gram stain negative and aerobic. Paucimonas lemoignei a thermoalkalophilic PHA depolymerase that could be useful in bioremediation.
Planococcus citreus Planococcus citreus is Gram stain positive and aerobic.
Planomicrobium okeanokoites Planomicrobium okeanokoites is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Planomicrobium okeanokoites was reclassified from Flavobacterium okeanokoites.
Plesiomonas shigelloides Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram negative facultative anaerobe that is motile via polar flagella. Plesiomonas shigelloides is a foodborne pathogen of concern primarily in seafood.
Proteus vulgaris Proteus vulgaris is a gram negative, motile facultative anaerobe. Proteus vulgaris is highly motile and often "swarm" across the surface of agar plates, giving a distinct appearance different than distinct colonies normally seen.
Providencia stuartii Providencia stuartii is a gram negative, motile facultative anaerobe.
Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is Gram stain negative and aerobic. An Antarctic psychrophile, reclassified from Altermonas haloplanktis to Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile via a single polar flagellum. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates may produce three colony types. Natural isolates produce a small, rough colony. Clinical samples typically have either a fried-egg appearance or a mucoid appearance.
Pseudomonas alcaligenes Pseudomonas alcaligenes is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas alcaligenes is being used for treatment of phenol bearing dye waste.
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica Pseudomonas anguilliseptica is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas anguilliseptica is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that affects a variety of fish.
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas fluorescens secretes a soluble fluorescent pigment called fluorescein that is used in numerous staining procedures.
Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas mendocinais is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas mendocina may be useful in the bioremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE), cisand trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. Pseudomonas mendocina is also used for alginate synthesis.
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes can degrade nitrobenzene and other substituted aromatic compounds.
Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas putida is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas putida is used for a number of industrial production methods and also in bioremediatin involving organic compounds.
Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas stutzeri is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas stutzeri can degrade carbon tetrachloride (used in some dry-cleaning) to carbon dioxide and other inert compounds, as where other organisms that can degrade carbon tetrachloride produce chloroform. Pseudomonas stutzeri is also being investigated for biodegradation of phenanthrene and other toxic organic chemicals.
Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonas syringae is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Pseudomonas syringae is a plant pathogen causing diseases in tomato and beans and other plant species.
Psychrobacter faecalis Psychrobacter faecalis is Gram stain negative and aerobic. Psychrobacter faecalis is a species described in 2002 isolated from a bioaerosol originating from pigeon faeces.
Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus is Gram stain negative and aerobic. Moraxella phenylpyruvica is a synonym for Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus. Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus can be isolated from Antarctic ornithogenic soils. Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus grows readily at temperatures between 4oC and 35oC.
Pyrococcus horikoshii Pyrococcus horikoshii is Gram stain negative, anaerobic, and motile. Pyrococcus horikoshii produces a hyperthermostable endoglucanase which hydrolyzes celluloses and is expected to be useful in the biopolishing of cotton products.
Rhodobacter sphaeroides Rhodobacter sphaerroides is a gram negative, motile facultative anaerobe. Rhodobacter sphaerroides is being investigated to detoxify high levels of metal oxides and oxyanions, which would be useful for bioremediation and some industrial processes.
Ruegeria gelatinovorans Ruegeria gelatinovorans is Gram stain negative and aerobic. Ruegeria gelatinovorans is a marine star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria. Ruegeria gelatinovorans was reclassified from Agrobacterium gelatinovorum.
Salmonella enterica Salmonella enterica is a gram negative, motile facultative anaerobe. Salmonella enterica is a concern for foodborne illness in humans and animals.
Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhi is Gram stain negative, anaerobic, and motile. Salmonella Typhi can survive for 4 days in shellfish stored at 10-13oC, and in ice for in excess of 90 days.
Serratia fonticola Serratia fonticola is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile via peritrichous flagella. Serratia fonticola was first isolated from water and soil in 1979.
Serratia marcescens Serratia marcescens is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Serratia marcescens is one of the most effective bacteria for degradation of chitin.
Sphaerotilus natans Sphaerotilus natans is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and non-motile. Sphaerotilus natans is a filamentous bacterium that is present in wastewater.
Sphingobacterium multivorum Sphingobacterium multivorum is Gram stain negative and aerobic. Sphingobacterium multivorum can synthesize menaquinone-7 and zeaxanthin, a carotenoid of industrial importance.
Staphylococcus arlettae Staphylococcus arlettae is Gram stain positive, non-motile, facultative anaerobe. Staphylococcus arlettae was first described in 1985.
Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive, non-motile, facultative anaerobe. Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal flora of humans and is found on nasal passages, skin and mucous membranes.
Staphylococcus cohnii Staphylococcus cohnii is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Staphylococcus cohnii was isolated from human skin and described in 1975 and is part of the normal flora of the skin.
Staphylococcus warneri Staphylococcus warneri is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Staphylococcus warneri was isolated from human skin.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is Gram stain negative, aerobic and motile via multitrichous flagella. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is found in a variety of aquatic environments.
Streptococcus milleri Streptococcus milleri is a gram positive, motile, facultative anaerobe. Streptococcus milleri was first named by Guthof in 1956 in reference to oral non-hemolytic streptococcal species.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae is Gram stain positive and non-motile. Approximately 20% of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae require anaerobic condistions for growth. Streptococcus pneumoniae was reclassified from Diplococcus pneumoniae.
Streptomyces achromogenes Streptomyces achromogenes is a gram positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces achromogenes produces 5H-pyrrolo (2,1-C) (1,4) benzodiazepin-5-ones.
Streptomyces albus Streptomyces albus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces albus produces salinomycin, which is used primarily as an additive in animal feed.
Streptomyces caespitosus Streptomyces caespitosus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces caespitosus produces a purple antibiotic called Mitomycin.
Streptomyces diastaticus Streptomyces diastaticus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces diastaticus is a producer of two polyene macrolide antibiotics (rimocidin and CE-108).
Streptomyces exfoliatus Streptomyces exfoliatus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile.
Streptomyces fimbriatus Streptomyces fimbriatus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces fimbriatus produces the antitumor and antifungal antibiotic septacidin.
Streptomyces fradiae Streptomyces fradiae is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces fradiae produces neomycin, a broad spectrum antibiotic effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Streptomyces fulvissimus Streptomyces fulvissimus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces fulvissimus produces valinomycin, which increases the transport of potassium across cell membranes.
Streptomyces griseoruber Streptomyces griseoruber is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces griseoruber produces the antitumor and antibacterial antibiotics lateriomycin A and B.
Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces griseus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces griseus produces the anti-cancer drug streptocin.
Streptomyces lavendulae Streptomyces lavendulae is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces lavendulae produces cycloserine, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis.
Streptomyces phaeochromogenes Streptomyces phaeochromogenes is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces phaeochromogenes produces penicillin derivatives.
Streptomyces thermodiastaticus Streptomyces thermodiastaticus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces thermodiastaticus produces a Candida albicans cell wall lytic enzyme.
Streptomyces tubercidicus Streptomyces tubercidicus is Gram stain positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Streptomyces tubercidicus produces the nucleotide analog tubercidin.
Thermococcus litoralis Thermococcus litoralis is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and non-motile. Thermococcus litoralis is used as a source of the enzyme DNA polymerase.
Thermus aquaticus Thermus aquaticus is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and non-motile. The enzyme Taq DNA Polymerase comes from Thermus aquaticus.
Thermus filiformis Thermus filiformis is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and non-motile. A DNA polymerase and DNA ligase are also isolated from Thermus filiformis.
Thermus thermophilus Thermus thermophilus is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and non-motile. Thermus thermophilus is an extremely thermophilic, halotolerant bacterium.
Vibrio harveyi Vibrio harveyi is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Vibrio harveyi is a shrimp pathogen.
Vibrio nereis Vibrio nereis is Gram stain negative and aerobic. Beneckea nereida is a synonym for Vibrio nereis.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram negative facultative anaerobe that is motile via dual flagellar systems. A single, sheathed polar flagellum propels in liquid environments and numerous unsheathed lateral flagella move over surfaces. Vibrio parahaemolyticus colonizes filter feeding animals such as oysters, crabs, mussles and fish.
Virgibacillus pantothenticus Virgibacillus pantothenticus is Gram stain positive and aerobic. Virgibacillus pantothenticus was reclassified from Bacillus pantothenticus.
Xanthobacter agilis Xanthobacter agilis is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Xanthobacter agilis is a dinitrogen-fixing, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium.
Xanthomonas axonopodis Xanthomonas axonopodis is Gram stain negative, aerobic and motile via a single polar flagellum. Xanthomonas axonopodis an important plant pathogen and causes citrus canker.
Xanthomonas campestris Xanthomonas campestris is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Xanthomonas campestris is pathogenic for plants and has been associated with cabbage "black rot".
Xylophilus ampelinus Xylophilus ampelinus is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile via polar flagella. Xylophilus ampelinus is of great concern as a plant pathogen in the commerical grape industry.
Zoogloea ramigera Zoogloea ramigera is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile via polar flagella. Zoogloea ramigera is considered to be the classic floc forming organism.

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